However, maximum amount should be given during the active feeding stage of instar and no food should be given during moulting. Successful Rearing of Silkworm (Bombyx mori) to get F1 Generation Under Laboratory Conditions. Late Age Silkworm Rearing House 1.The silkworm rearing house should be located on an elevated place to avoid moisture migration from floor to rearing house, provide good cross ventilation, facilitate drainage of the water at the time of cleaning and disinfection. Here powdered husk is sprinkled over newly hatched larvae on the egg card. Mix solution A and Solution B. Caring during Moulting 7. Ripe worms crawl alone on the nets while unripe worms continue feeding. Our mission is to provide an online platform to help students to discuss anything and everything about Zoology. There are no curative methods for any silkworm diseases, therefore, prevention of the disease is the best cure. In case of shoot and floor rearings, three feedings per day are sufficient. 3. (i) Only ripe worms should be mounted. Aspergilosis disease causing agent to silkworm Aspergillus tamarii was controlled by formalin significantly (p<0.01) with highest effective zone among all the disinfectants used. Mounting. The number of trays and space required for each instar are given below in Table 3.3. During 3rd instar thrice, i.e. The most commonly used disinfection method in sericulture is chemical method. As a disinfectant, it is used to sterilize drinking water, swimming pools, tableware and air, and to fight against infectious diseases as a routine disinfection agent. Leaf requirement during different instar stages are given in Table 3.2. The plinth area 10 m x 5 m size rearing house having tin or thatch roofing with 1.5 m varandah all around is ideal for accommodating 100 dfls for commercial silkworm rearing … Pathogenic microorganisms found in domesticated silkworm (Bombyx mori L) spoil the quality of pure/natural silk. late age rearing 1. Keyword: Silkworm, disinfectant, mulberry, larval mortality, rearing INTRODUCTION Silkworm larvae, Bombyx mori (L.) is an economic insect that converts leaf protein to silk. Labex has anti muscardine effect and can inhibit early moulters from resuming feeding leading to uniform growth. Disinfection is the important necessary step to ensure healthy and successful silkworm rearing. Silkworm body and rearing seat disinfection is an integral part of effective silkworm rearing as it prevents the spread of various diseases through secondary contamination in the rearing bed. The management of silkworm diseases is a vital component of successful silkworm rearing for obtaining higher cocoon yield and quality. For controlling diseases, disinfection is the best prophylactic measure. after moult, before next moult and once in the middle. Many bed disinfectants are recommended by various research institutes in India. In all larvae, several feeding stages can be noticed during their development, viz., active feeding stage when larvae feed maximum during the instar, sparsely feeding stage when they eat less, usually at premoulting stage when larvae empty their gut; non-feeding stage when the larvae do not take any food usually during moulting. The nets with ripe worms are then shaken on the mountages to transfer them without touching by hand. Please turn on JavaScript and try again. Several bacteria, virus, fungi and protozoans cause silkworm diseases. After sometimes, the larvae along with leaves are gently tapped on the rearing bed. Different […] (ii) An optimum temperature (24°C) should be maintained in spinning place. Karnataka, India. Solution B: Mix 5 g of slaked lime powder in water and make it up to 975 ml of water. Nataraju et al. Again, too close spacing may result in formation of double cocoon (which are not reelable), staining of cocoons with excreta of the worms and also formation of damp cocoons. The disinfected mulberry leaves were utilized for the silkworm rearing (Table 4). It looks like your browser does not have JavaScript enabled. Though some worms may be injured while picking and handling, but by this method, only ripe worms can be picked and distributed more uniformly in the mountages (Fig. During this time, the worm does not take any food, wriggles out of the old skin and comes out with a new, soft skin. However, this method is little bit crude and may cause some injury to the larvae. Late age Rearing 52 SILKWORM REARING TECHNOLOGY 56. Disclaimer: Please note that this page also provides links to the websites / web pages of Govt. Privacy Policy3. Inadequate larval spacing, starvation and ... moth examination for the supply of disease free silkworm eggs, in addition to disinfection and hygienic rearings. These trays are also easier to sterilize and disinfect by dipping in bleaching powder solution or any other disinfectant. The total increase in weight from hatching to the end of Vth instar is about 7,000 to 10,000 times. Ministries/Departments/Organisations. Disinfection of silkworm rearing environment, appliances, silkworm body and maintenance of hygiene during silkworm rearing plays a major role in prevention of diseases in silkworm rearing. 2 lt/sq mt or 185 ml/sq ft floor area is required. The optimum density for Chandrika is 50 worms per 0.1 m2. 3.9. To prepare 75 lt of 2% Formalin, 75/17=4.17 lt. Take 4.17 lt Formaldehyde solution and add 75-4.17=70.59 lt of water. Young worms are always fed with tender leaves while late stages are given mature mulberry leaves (Fig. The rearing house and appliances/equipment should be disinfected thoroughly after the completion of the previous crop and just two days before the next crop respectively. Silkworm body and rearing seat disinfection is an integral part of effective silkworm rearing as it prevents the spread of various diseases through secondary contamination in the rearing bed. Crowded situation in rearing trays results in increased humidity, heat, fermentation of litter, all of which will in turn cause under development of larvae, wastage of feeding leaf and unhygienic condition. After sometimes, the larvae are brushed from husk by means of a feather on the rearing bed. C. Arrangement of Mulberry Twigs in Shoot/Branch Method A. It can be used for disinfection and environmental sterilization , for example in livestock, poultry, fish and silkworm raising, for bleaching textiles, for cleaning industrial circulating water, and to prevent wool from shrinking. (iv) The mountages should be disinfected before and after use. A disinfecting liquid for breeding silkworms is prepared from ammonium dodecanedimethylbenzyl chloride, benzalkonium bronide, polyethoxyene carboxylguanidine, polyhexamethylene guanidine and alcohol through proportional mixing, heating, dissolving, and cooling. Its advantages are high sterilizing effect, no damage to object to be sterilized, and no poison and environmental pollution. Least larval duration was observed in daily application of hydrated lime powder at the rate of 5g/ sq ft + The spores of pathogens like fungi are very light and easily carried by wind and can spread from one rearing house to another. Solution required for spraying outside side the rearing house= 10% of a. d. Total solution required =a+b+c. Floor Rearing B. Here small branches of mulberry are spread over the rearing bed. Add 05 g detergent per liter of Formalin. Chemical Disinfectants available for use in Sericulture 1) Formalin It is commercially available as 36% formaldehyde in solution form. To prepare 75 lt solution, 75x20=1.500 kg bleaching powder + 75x3=225 g of slaked lime is required. Care taken during moulting includes stopping and resuming feeding at appropriate time to ensure uniform growth, keeping the bed dry and disinfected either by dusitng Resham Keed Oushad (RKO), formulated by CSR and TI, Mysore or by spraying Labex, formulated by Berhampur. Kuroiwa et al. Disinfectants, detergent, sprayer ( Rocking, Gator, power sprayer or multipurpose pump), buckets measuring jars, weighing scale, gas mask, metal pans, room heaters, hand glove and muslin cloth. Lor hanges to light yellow. Too high temperature results in the formation of deformed cocoons with thick filament. It aims at total destruction of disease causing pathogens. Lime is a cheap but effective disinfectant widely used in silkworm rearing, especially on the rearing beds. Bed Cleaning 6. Disinfection by steaming may be used for rearing room and some appliances (not made of bamboo or wood). The larvae crawl up the husk to reach the leaves. Bed cleaning can be done by using paddy husk, straw and bed cleaning net (Fig. Four different mesh-sized bed cleaning nets are used for cleaning the rearing beds. The plinth area 10 m x 5 m size rearing house having tin or thatch roofing with 1.5 m varandah all around is ideal for accommodating 100 dfls for commercial silkworm rearing … Techniques of Rearing Silkworm Rearing of Eri Silkworm, Samia ricini (Donovan) Rearing house. Least larval duration was observed in daily application of hydrated lime powder at the rate of 5g/ sq ft + Here, mature, immature and over-mature worms are mounted together; hence, cocoon formed by them may not be uniform. However, in all cases of brushing, care should be taken not to touch the newly hatched larvae with hands. Brushing is usually starts at 10 am when peak hatching occurs. At present, surface disinfectants such as formaldehyde, bleaching powder, chlorine dioxide, and chorine dioxide based disinfectant sanitizer lodophor are recommended for disinfection application in silkworm rearing. Use disinfected quality seeds of disease free zone. (iii) The ideal humidity for spinning is 60-70%. Chemical Disinfectants available for use in Sericulture 1) Formalin It is commercially available as 36% formaldehyde in solution form. The following points highlight the seven main steps involved in rearing process of silkworm. Vijetha is applied on the silkworm after each moult and after each bed cleaning before feeding. It is also very useful for generation of pebrine free silkworm seed. 56x 25%=14 lt solution is required for disinfection of appliances. Eri silkworms are reared indoor. Besides disinfecting action, RKO can reduce grasserie in different seasons and can increase growth rate of larvae leading to improved cocoon quality. Precautions should be taken during and after the applications of such chemicals. The larvae start to crawl up through the holes onto the leaves. Of the total ingestion during entire larval development, nearly 85% of food is taken during IVth and Vth instar stages. Preparation of 2% Formalin solution: One part of 36% formaldehyde solution = 17 parts of water is 2% formaline solution. The amount of food given also depends on races and voltinism of the moths. Drying of rearing appliances in sunlight can cause disinfection. However, in case of floor or shoot rearing, bed cleaning should be done once in each instar. During 1st instar, bed cleaning should be done once during per moulting, during 2nd instar twice, once after moult and before next moult. In Indian sericulture, nowadays four feedings per day is allowed. Most frequently used chemicals include chlorine as chloramine, iodine as iodophores, phenol as cresol and hexachlorophene, formaldehyde as formalin (2%), bleaching powder, etc. Rearing Process of Silkworm: Step # 1. In general, one ripe worm requires an area that is the square of its body length for spinning its cocoon. 56 10% = 5.6 lt solution is required for disinfection outside the rearing house. Before publishing your Notes on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Disinfection of rearing room before rearing with 2% formalin solution. More trays can be accommodated on the racks as with the use of these trays the space between two trays on the stands can be reduced to 10" - 12". Mounting is the process of transferring the ripe worms to the mountages. These pathogens released by diseased silkworms easily accumulate and spread in the environment. 2. Present study aims to identify the load of fungal pathogen present in the rearing rooms before and after disinfection also the in vitro testing of disinfectants (Sanitech, Asthra, bleaching solution, 2% formalin and 70% alcohol) against the fungus culture was studied. 3.44). Improper and incomplete disinfection of the rearing room compounds to the problem of silkworm mortality arising during the course of rearing through secondary contamination from increased pathogen load on the rearing trays. unfavourable conditions. These are cheap, convenient and easy to operate, e.g. The industrial and commercial use of Preparation of 1 lt Sanitech, Solution A: Add 2.5 g of activator crystals to 25 ml of sanitech solution, stir and allow for 5 inutes to stand. Disinfection Refer to the material provided by Ranjana mam. Silkworms are susceptible to a number of diseases. Biology, Rearing Process, Rearing Process of Silkworm, Sericulture, Silkworm, Zoology. Prevention of the disease is ensured by proper disinfection and maintenance of hygiene. Use of bed disinfectants, antibiotics and rearing tolerant After a little practice, the amount of leaves that to be given per feeding to fulfill the appetite of the worms, is adjusted. Disinfection of everything including rearing places is carried out by physical, chemical or radiation methods. 3.10a). To provide more and adequate space for the growing worm, the rearing space has to be extended at each stage and this is called spacing. From egg cards, newly hatched larvae can be transferred by the following: Here the egg card is held vertically above freshly prepared rearing bed and then by gentle strokes of a feather, the larvae are pulled out from the card on the rearing bed. Ventilation is needed to dry the wet silk into firm cocoon and to evaporate the water or excreta released by the worms during spinning.
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