Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Judicial system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Supreme Council of the Cultural Revolution, Learn how and when to remove this template message, diplomatic relations with Iran by the United States, highest ranking political and religious authority, Iranian Assembly of Experts election, 2016, Management and Planning Organization of Iran, macro-economic and monetary policies of the government of Iran, Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Acquisition of capital assets/development expenditures, Repayment of external debts and obligations, revenues from the sale of crude oil and gas, International Rankings of Iran in Politics, "The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency", IRAN: POLITICS, THE MILITARY AND GULF SECURITY, "Huge cost of Iranian brain drain By Frances Harrison", "Iran's Khamenei hits out at Rafsanjani in rare public rebuke", "Khamenei says Iran must go green - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East", "Exclusive: Iran pursues ballistic missile work, complicating nuclear talks", "IranWire - Asking for a Miracle: Khamenei's Economic Plan", "PressTV-'Economic issues, Iran's foremost problem, "Iran: Executive, legislative branch officials endorse privatization plan", "Khamenei slams Rouhani as Iran's regime adopted UN education agenda", "Leader outlines elections guidelines, calls for transparency", "BBC NEWS - Middle East - Iranian vice-president 'sacked, "Rafsanjani breaks taboo over selection of Iran's next supreme leader", "Everything you need to know about Iran's Assembly of Experts election", "Iranian Government Constitution, English Text", "PressTV-Iranian MPs approve budget bill outline", "Mostazafan and Janbazan (Oppressed and Disabled Veterans) Foundation (MJF)", "Khamenei controls massive financial empire built on property seizures, (part 1)", Mehr News Agency: Iran eyes $250 billion annual revenue in 5 years, "Iran's 'Frozen' Assets: Exaggeration on Both Sides of the Debate", "Ten Million Iranians Under 'Absolute Poverty Line, Iran to test investor confidence with debt issue, "IMF: Iran accord to lift Mideast economy", "Iran: Concluding Statement of an IMF Staff Visit", Iran's external debts cut by $10b, hit $7.2b: Central Bank Chief, https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2021/02/03/644483/Iran-foreign-debt-CBI-figures, "The Memorandum of The Foreign Trade Regime of The Islamic Republic of Iran", "Islamic Republic of Iran: 2009 Article IV Consultation—Staff Report; Staff Supplement; Public Information Notice on the Executive Board Discussion; and Statement by the Executive Director for Iran", "Ahmadi-Nejad unveils expansionary Iran budget", PBS - Iran Primer: The Oil and Gas Industry, "Iran Parliament Cut Budget 2.25% Before Approval, Donya Reports", "Global Legal Monitor: Iran: Criticism of Newly Proposed Budget - Global Legal Monitor - Law Library of Congress - Library of Congress", "Iran parliament approves reduced sanction-hit budget - Yahoo! [71] The approved total state budget figure shows an 11% increase in Rial terms, in comparison to the previous year's budget. [46], According to the head of the Department of Statistics of Iran, if the rules of budgeting were observed in this structure, the government could save at least 30 to 35 percent on its expenses. 7) Hidden spending and liability not included. [86] The official exchange rate is projected to be on average US$28,500/IRR. p. 1", "Iran's president: Nuclear deal has helped economy", "Iran's next year budget bill sees economic growth at 3%, inflation at 21%", "Irandaily - No. A council to be known as the Guardian Council is to be constituted to safeguard Islamic laws and the Constitution and to verify the compatibility of legislation passed by the Islamic Parliament of Iran with them. [92] Assumptions made in the budget are $50 billion in foreign investment and foreign loans, 5-6% GDP growth and 11% inflation. [citation needed] Poverty rose in absolute terms by nearly 45% during the first 6 years since Iraqi invasion on Iran started[8] and per capita income has yet to reach pre-revolutionary levels when Iraqi invasion ended in 1988.[9][10]. Revenues from taxes have been projected at 458 trillion Rials ($37 billion), which shows a 10% increase year-on-year. Earmarked expenditures totaled 13 percent of the central government total. However, since the Iranian Revolution, the government's general budget payments have averaged:[40], Iran spent 22.5% of its 2003 national budget on social welfare programs of which more than 50% covered pension costs.[45]. Like the original one in February, the by-e lection, with an unprecedented public boycott, showed the mullahs’ deadlock and desperation.. However, all candidates to the Assembly of Experts, the President and the Majlis (Parliament), are selected by the Guardian Council, half of whose members are selected by the Supreme Leader of Iran. Noting the function and status of the Parliament in the political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran, it can be concluded that contrary to many traditional and ruling systems worldwide, that merely focus on forming a consultative parliament, whose members are mainly appointed and only offer consultative and non-binding recommendations to the head of state (government), Islamic Republic of Irans Majlis is the most important and most fundamental democratic pillar, whose dissolution is impossible and is active under all circumstances. "According to World Bank figures, which take 1974 as 100, per capita GDP went from a high of 115 in 1976 to a low of 60 in 1988, the year war with Iraq ended ..." (Keddie. Iran is a Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist and Islamic republic in which the president, parliament (Majles) and judicial system share powers reserved to the national government, according to its Constitution. [39], In 2004, about 45 percent of the government's budget came from exports of oil and natural gas revenues, although this varies with the fluctuations in world petroleum markets and 31 percent came from taxes and fees. According to the constitution, all candidates running for these positions must be vetted by the Guardian Council before being elected. [23] Also, all directly-elected members after the vetting process by the Guardian Council still have to be approved by the Supreme Leader. In addition, there are representatives elected from appointed organizations (usually under the Supreme Leader's control) to "protect the state's Islamic character".[2]. [68], The proposed budget for 2011–2012 amounts to 5.1 quadrillion rials (approximately $416 billion). Iran’s Majlis—officially the Islamic Consultative Assembly (Majlis-e shoura-ye eslami), and in Western terms a popularly elected parliament—was established in the wake of the 1979 Iranian Revolution. The Majlis’s effort in solving social problems and the Guardian Councils effort to preserve the framework of religious rules and the Constitution, may end up in a condition when some of the needs of the society cannot be met in the course of referrals between Majlis and the Guardian Council. [64] Iran balances its external accounts around $75 per barrel. Public corporations' dividend, Government services & other fees), (+) Others (Value of movable and immovable properties), + Operational balance (see above for details*). According to article six of the Islamic Republic’s constitution, the country’s affairs must be administered by reliance on the public vote through elections. Yusefiyan-Molla then added that as Iran’s supreme leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, had dismissed the idea, no … In November 1979 the US embassy was seized and its occupants taken hostage and kept captive for 444 days because of support of the US government for the King of Iran. After the Constitutional Movement and following strike by the Ulama (Muslim cleric) and people, the Mozaffareddinshah of the Qajar dynasty issued an order in August 1896, mandating the formation of a Consultative Assembly, consisting the elites, the princes, the Ulama, the Rich and the aristocrats, the ruling system, traders and unions, to hold consultations on state affairs and public interests. Here is an overview of the main components of the Iranian political system. Based upon a new Constitution, approved on 15 October 2005 by referendum, Iraq is an Islamic, democratic federal republic, consisting of 18 governorates (muhafazat).The Kurdistan Autonomous Region forms part of the Federal Republic Iraq, and is made up of the three northern … If true, that would make the 2016 parliamentary elections the largest field in Iran’s post-revolutionary history, although it remains to be seen how politically diverse this pool may be. p. 1", "Iranian government likely forced to double fuel prices", "Iranian Parliament Passes Budget in Win for Rouhani", "Iran to draw on sovereign fund to withstand oil price slide", "Iran's Neoliberal Austerity-Security Budget", "Memorandum of the foreign trade regime of Iran", "Govt. When the Iranian regime held its latest parliamentary elections in February 2020, polling places saw their lowest levels of turnout in the 40-year history of the Iranian regime. The overall/"total" budget shows a 4% growth compared with the 2014 budget. Once approved by Majlis, the bill still needs to be ratified by the Guardian Council. 5 of those … [38] But according to the Santiago Principles, NDFI must coordinate its investment decisions and actions with the macro-economic and monetary policies of the government of Iran. NCRI Staff. The first Legislative Majlis (Parliament) of Iran started work in 1942 with an address by Mozaffareddinshah. Revenues from crude oil make up 37% of the state's total revenues in the budget. Q&A: Iran parliamentary election. [40], As of 2010, oil income accounts for 80% of Iran's foreign currency revenues and 60% of the nation's overall budget. Majlis authorities gained out of the standpoint in the Constitution are as follows: *Passing and ratifying laws: Articles 4 and 71 of the Constitution, *Interpretation of ordinary laws: Article 73 of the Constitution, *Approval of all international treaties, protocols, contracts, and agreements: Article 77 of the Constitution, *Approval of direct recourse to popular votes: Article 59 of Constitution. [63] 5) Excluding special revenues and expenditures and the figure for transparency in the price (subsidy) of energy bearers. The Guardian Council has 12 members: 6 clerics, appointed by the Supreme Leader and 6 jurists, elected by the Majlis from among the Muslim jurists nominated by the Head of the Judicial System, who is appointed by the Supreme Leader. Emigration has lost Iran millions of entrepreneurs, professionals, technicians, and skilled craftspeople and their capital. Accordingly, revenues are classified into “taxes and other revenues”, and “oil sales” which had earlier been classified as revenue are now referred to as "transfer of capital assets".2) In 2007/08, it includes budget supplement at Rls. [70] Approved budget of 5,660 trillion Rials $477 billion is based on an oil price of $85 per barrel and the average value of the U.S. dollar for the fiscal year has been projected to be 12,260 rials, allowing the government to gain $53.8 billion from subsidy cut. The new national budget has forecast a 40% drop in oil revenues compared to the previous year's projected figure. The Iranian Parliament also approved a total budget of $500 billion (5,170 trillion rials) that factors in $54 billion from price hikes and subsidy cuts and aside from the government (or public budget) also includes spending for state-owned companies. The IMF estimated in October 2014 that Iran would run a general government deficit of $8.6 billion in 2015, at the official exchange rate, to be compensated by drawing on the National Development Fund. [56] Iran's external debt was $9.3 billion in December 2020. The State Expediency Council will also meet to consult on any issue referred to it by the Leader or related to its duties as mentioned in this Constitution. [65], The budget for Iranian year 1389 (2010–2011), which starts on 21 March, amounts to $368.4bn, representing an increase of 31 per cent on the previous year and is based on a projected oil price of $60 a barrel compared with just $37.50 last year. The first parliaments date back to the Middle Ages. Of the $134 billion for the government's general budget, $117 billion relates to operating expenditure and $17 billion is for infrastructure developments. The Constitution comments on the points this way: *Approval of imposition of certain restrictions: Article 79 of the Constitution, *Approving the taking or granting of loans or grants-in-aid, domestic or foreign: Article 80 of the Constitution, *The settlement of claims pertaining to public and State property, or the referral thereof for arbitration: Article 139 of the Constitution, *The employment of foreign experts is forbidden, except in cases of necessity and with the approval of the Parliament of Iran: Article 82 of the Constitution, *Deciding on the country’s frontiers: Article 78 of the Constitution, *Transfer of buildings and irreplaceable treasures: Article 83 of the Constitution. Library, Museum and Document Center of Iran Parliament, Enter your e-mail and subscribe to our newsletter, Copyright © by Parliran.ir / Powered by: Center of Planning and Information Technology, Islamic Parliament of Iran, Parameter:396&4306&57895!model&7984 -LayoutId:7984 LayoutNameالگوی متنی بدون عکس بزرگ, Baharestan Square, Tehran,Iran, PO box: 11575-177. The Supreme Leader of Iran[11] is the head of state and highest ranking political and religious authority (above the President). Arjomand, Said Amir, The Turban for the Crown : The Islamic Revolution in Iran, Oxford University Press, c1988, p.144, Bakhash, Shaul, Reign of the Ayatollahs : Iran and the Islamic Revolution by Shaul, Bakhash, Basic Books, c1984 p.158-9, Based on the government's own Planning and Budget Organization statistics, from: Jahangir Amuzegar, 'The Iranian Economy before and after the Revolution,`. The Iranian Parliament is called “the Islamic Consultative Assembly” or “Majlis.”. 4671 - Front page. the 2011-total budget shows a 45-percent increase compared with that of 2011 which stood at $368 billion. (–) Acquisition of financial assets (i.e. For a decade after the 1979 Islamic Revolution, Iran had a parliamentary political system. In a parliamentary republic, the head of government is selected by, or nominated by, the legislature and is also accountable to it. Based on Article 62 of the Constitution, Guardian Council is formed and established to check Majlis approvals in terms of their consistency with general guidelines and the Constitution. Iranian taxpayers incur a loss of $3.3 billion annually because of fuel smuggling (& not including other smuggled oil derivatives), equivalent to the "development budget" of Iran.
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